Thai Tax and Accounting for Foreigners and Foreign-Owned Companies

Section 41 of the Revenue Code provides that a person who stays in Thailand for one or more periods totalling 180 days or more in any tax year is treated as a resident of Thailand for that year. Practitioners often refer to this as the 180-day or 183-day test; the statutory figure the Revenue Department applies is 180 days or more. The personal tax year is the calendar year, 1 January to 31 December, and the days need not be consecutive. Passport entry and exit stamps are the primary evidence.

Residents and non-residents are both taxed on Thai-source income — employment carried out in Thailand, a business carried on in Thailand, or property situated in Thailand — whether the money is paid inside or outside the country. The difference is foreign-source income: it only comes into the Thai net if you are a resident in that tax year and you bring the income into Thailand under the conditions set by law. A non-resident is not taxed on foreign income remitted to Thailand.

Add together every period spent in Thailand within the same calendar year; the periods do not need to be continuous, and in practice both the arrival and departure days are usually counted as days in Thailand. If you are near the threshold, keep copies of stamped passport pages, departure cards, boarding passes and accommodation records every year — the burden of proof sits with the taxpayer when the Revenue Department asks.

No. Visa category does not determine tax liability. What matters is the number of days you spend in Thailand in the tax year and where your income arises. A retirement or DTV holder who reaches the day threshold is a Thai resident for that year and must consider remitted foreign income under the normal rules. Conversely, someone below the threshold still pays Thai tax on Thai-source income.

PND 91 is for taxpayers whose only income is employment income under section 40(1). PND 90 is used when other categories are also present — professional fees, rent, interest, dividends or business income. The paper filing deadline is 31 March of the following year; filing through Revenue Department e-Filing normally attracts an extension of roughly eight extra days. Check the extension notice published for the specific year before you file.

Thailand applies progressive bands to net income, starting with an exempt first slice and rising through several bands to a top rate of 35% on net income above five million baht. Net income is assessable income less the statutory expense deduction for that income category, then less personal allowances. The current band table is published on the Revenue Department website and should be checked each year because it is revised periodically.

A resident taxpayer may claim the same allowances as a Thai national where the conditions are met: the personal allowance, a spouse with no income, children, qualifying parents, health and life insurance premiums with Thai insurers, social security contributions, provident fund contributions, and mortgage interest on a Thai home. Supporting foreign documents such as a marriage certificate or birth certificate must be accompanied by a certified translation when officials request one.

PND 94 is the half-year personal income tax return for taxpayers with income under sections 40(5) to 40(8) — rent, independent professions, contract work and business income. Income received from January to June is reported by the end of September of the same year, and the tax paid is credited against the annual return. Taxpayers with employment income only do not file it.

Yes. Employment duties performed in Thailand are Thai-source income under section 41, even where the employer sits abroad and pays into an offshore account. This is the key point for remote workers and should be read together with the double tax agreement with the payer's country, and separately from work-permit law, which is a different statute with its own requirements.

P.161/2566 states that a Thai resident who has assessable income from a foreign source and brings that income into Thailand must include it in the tax computation for the year of remittance — removing the earlier practice under which remittance in a later calendar year fell outside the net. The guidance applies to income arising from 1 January 2024 onwards.

Instruction P.162/2566 provides that the approach in P.161/2566 does not apply to assessable income arising before 1 January 2024. Savings and income that arose before that date and are remitted later therefore fall outside that instruction. The practical issue is proof: keep offshore bank statements as at 31 December 2023, balance confirmation letters, and documents showing the source of the funds.

Three layers decide it. First, whether you are a Thai resident in that tax year. Second, when the pension income arose and when it was brought in. Third, what the double tax agreement between Thailand and the paying country says about pensions. Many treaties give exclusive taxing rights over government-service pensions to the paying state, while private pensions may fall to the residence state. The applicable treaty must be read case by case.

Keep the outward remittance advice from the sending bank, the credit advice or confirmation of funds received from the Thai bank, documents showing the source — a sale contract, pension award letter, or dividend statement — and historic offshore statements. The same bundle serves both the Revenue Department and Immigration when you extend a permit of stay on financial grounds.

Thai financial institutions report certain account data under domestic law, and Thailand participates in the automatic exchange of financial account information under the Common Reporting Standard, so account data of tax residents is exchanged between partner jurisdictions. Plan on the assumption that cross-border financial flows are traceable.

Apply at the Area Revenue Branch Office covering your residence or your employer's office. You normally present a passport with a valid visa page, proof of residence such as a lease or the TM.30 address notification, and evidence of Thai income such as an employment contract or work permit. The number issued has thirteen digits and is permanent — it is not reissued each year.

Not always. Anyone required to file a return has a duty to obtain a tax identification number under the Revenue Code, even where the income does not come from Thai employment — for example rental income from Thai property. Documentary practice varies between branch offices, so call the office you intend to visit before travelling there.

Yes. e-Filing supports PND 90, 91 and 94 as well as corporate returns. You register once for credentials and complete the system's identity verification. The benefits are the filing extension granted to online filers, automatic computation, and refund status tracking. Taxpayers without a Thai ID card register using the thirteen-digit tax identification number instead.

Tick the refund request on the return you file. The Revenue Department may ask for supporting documents such as the section 50 bis withholding certificates and allowance evidence. Refunds are now paid mainly through PromptPay linked to the tax ID or Thai ID number; taxpayers without PromptPay may instead receive an instrument to collect at a designated bank. Confirm the current refund channel with your area office.

The payer must issue this certificate to the recipient whenever tax is withheld, stating the income category, the gross amount and the tax withheld. The recipient uses it as a tax credit on the annual return. Without it, claiming the credit or a refund becomes difficult, so request and file the certificate at the time of payment rather than at year end.

In business practice, service fees and contract work are commonly withheld at 3%, rental of immovable property at 5%, advertising at 2%, and professional fees at 3% where the recipient is a Thai company. Salaries are withheld on an annualised computation. Payments to recipients abroad carry their own rates and may be reduced under a double tax agreement. The correct rate depends on the income category and the recipient's status — check the relevant Revenue instruction before withholding.

An operator whose income from selling goods or providing services exceeds THB 1.8 million per year must register for VAT within 30 days of crossing the threshold. Voluntary registration below the threshold is possible and is common where customers require tax invoices or the business needs to recover input VAT. The rate currently collected is 7% under royal decrees that are renewed periodically.

VAT-registered operators file PP 30 monthly by the 15th of the following month, with an extension for internet filing under Revenue Department notifications. Late filing or short payment attracts surcharge and penalty under the Revenue Code, and a record of late filing affects how future input VAT refund claims are reviewed. Build a monthly tax calendar in advance.

A Thai operator that receives services from a supplier outside Thailand and uses those services in Thailand must remit VAT using form PP 36 within the deadline, and may then claim it as input VAT subject to conditions. Foreign digital platforms supplying end users in Thailand fall under a separate VAT registration regime for foreign electronic service providers.

Under the Accounting Act B.E. 2543, the company must appoint a bookkeeper with the qualifications prescribed by the Director-General of the Department of Business Development, keep accounts in accordance with Thai financial reporting standards, close the books and prepare financial statements at least once a year, have them audited by a licensed CPA, and retain the accounts and supporting documents for at least five years.

A limited company's financial statements must be audited by a licensed CPA and approved by the annual general meeting of shareholders within four months of the financial year end, then filed with the Department of Business Development within one month of that approval, currently through DBD e-Filing. The shareholder list, form BOJ 5, is filed within fourteen days of the annual general meeting.

PND 50 is the annual corporate income tax return, filed within 150 days of the end of the accounting period together with the audited financial statements. PND 51 is the half-year return, filed within two months after the last day of the first six months of the accounting period. Under-estimating net profit by more than 25% without reasonable cause attracts a surcharge under the Revenue Code, so the half-year estimate should be prepared conservatively.

Yes. A registered company that has not started trading or has no revenue must still keep accounts, close its books, have them audited, file financial statements with the Department of Business Development, and file corporate income tax returns on time. Neglecting this accumulates fines and blocks later transactions such as opening bank accounts, renewing work permits, or selling the business.

An employer with one or more employees must register as an employer and register its insured employees with the Social Security Office within thirty days of hiring, and remit contributions by the 15th of the following month. Lawfully employed foreign staff are inside the social security system on the same basis as Thai employees, and the employee's contribution is deductible on the personal income tax return.

No. The accounting period must cover twelve months, but the company may choose a year end other than 31 December in its articles. The first period after incorporation may be shorter than twelve months. Changing the accounting period later requires approval from the Director-General of the Revenue Department, so foreign parent groups that need consolidated reporting usually align the year end from the outset.

Thailand's double tax agreements allocate taxing rights over each class of income — employment, business profits, dividends, interest, royalties and pensions — between Thailand and the treaty partner, and set out the relief mechanism, usually a credit for tax paid in the other state. To rely on a treaty you must prove tax residence and usually file the form the treaty partner prescribes.

Apply to the Revenue Department for the certificate of residence, known by its form reference R.O.22, showing that you met the day threshold in the year concerned — stamped passport pages, proof of address, and evidence of Thai filings and tax paid. Foreign tax authorities use it to grant treaty relief. The companion document, R.O.21, certifies the Thai tax actually paid.

Not automatically. If the income is within the Thai net, it is generally included in the Thai computation and you then claim a credit for foreign tax as permitted by the applicable treaty and Revenue Department practice. The credit is usually capped at the Thai tax attributable to that income, so prepare foreign tax receipts with certified translations in advance.

Thailand has double tax agreements in force with more than 60 partner jurisdictions, covering its main trading partners and the countries whose nationals most commonly live in Thailand, including the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, France, Japan, South Korea, China and Singapore. The list and the operative texts are published by the Revenue Department; always read the specific treaty because the articles differ between them.

The usual sequence is: obtain the original from the issuing body — a Revenue Department certificate of tax payment, or financial statements certified as true copies; prepare an English translation; have the translation certified by the Legalization Division of the Department of Consular Affairs; and, where the destination requires it, have the destination country's embassy legalise it afterwards. Some destinations accept certification by a Notarial Services Attorney directly, so confirm the recipient's requirement before you start.

According to HCCH, the Apostille Convention enters into force for Thailand on 28 February 2027. From then, Thai public documents for use in other contracting states will carry an apostille issued by the Thai competent authority instead of requiring a second legalisation at the destination embassy. Until that date the existing legalisation and embassy route applies, and documents destined for non-contracting states continue on the existing route afterwards.

The Legalization Division of the Department of Consular Affairs certifies that a translation is complete and faithful to the original; it does not restrict who may translate. The translation must be accurate, spell personal and corporate names exactly as they appear in the passport and the company affidavit, and reproduce every figure and caption in the financial statements. Some destination authorities, particularly European tax offices, additionally require a translator registered in that country.

Tell us how long you were in Thailand in the tax year, the categories of income involved, the source country of the funds, and what the receiving authority requires. Reach us by phone, LINE or email, Monday to Saturday 9:00–18:00. We confirm the steps, the documents to prepare, realistic timelines and costs case by case, and coordinate a licensed CPA or the relevant attorney where a case-specific tax opinion is needed.

Revenue Department Orders P.161/2566 and P.162/2566 provide that a Thai tax resident (present in Thailand 180 days or more in a tax year) who brings foreign-source income into Thailand must include it in that year's personal income tax return, replacing the old practice of exemption when remitted in a later year. P.162/2566 grandfathers income earned before 1 January 2024, which stays outside the new rule. Segregate accounts and keep dated evidence of when income arose, such as statements, share-sale confirmations or contracts.

No, for foreign-source income. Section 41 requires two conditions together: residence of 180 days or more in the tax year and remittance into Thailand. Failing either condition takes the income outside the charge. Thai-source income is different: salary for work performed in Thailand, rent from Thai property or profits from a Thai business are always taxable regardless of how many days you stay or where payment is received.

Thailand has DTAs with over 60 countries. They allocate taxing rights by income type and allow foreign tax paid to be credited against Thai tax within limits. The core document is a Certificate of Residence from the treaty partner, plus proof of foreign tax paid and a certified Thai or English translation. The Revenue Department sometimes asks for legalized documents; from 28 February 2027 an Apostille from a Convention country will replace the two-step legalization chain.

A visa does not by itself determine tax status; days of presence and the source of income do. A DTV holder present 180 days or more becomes a Thai tax resident, and remitting foreign income in that year falls under P.161/2566. Separately, working for overseas clients while physically in Thailand raises a debated question of whether the income is Thai-sourced. Obtain an opinion from a Thai CPA or file a formal ruling request with the Revenue Department for your facts.

File form L.P.10.1 at the Area Revenue Branch Office for your residence with your passport, current visa and latest entry stamp, work permit or evidence of income, and proof of address such as a lease, house book or TM.30 receipt. The number is normally issued the same day at no charge. A TIN is required to file PND.90/91, reclaim withholding tax and apply for the R.O.22 certificate of tax residence.

Apply at the Large Taxpayer Office or the Area Revenue Office where you file, showing at least 180 days of presence in the tax year and that you have filed your return. Foreign tax authorities accept it to grant treaty withholding rates on dividends, interest and royalties. Processing typically takes 15–30 working days, and the certificate usually needs certified translation before use abroad.

Under Section 70, certain payments to a foreign company not carrying on business in Thailand require withholding and remittance on form PND.54 by the 7th of the following month. Standard rates are 15% for interest and royalties and 10% for dividends, though a DTA may reduce them if the recipient supplies a certificate of residence before payment. Service fees used in Thailand may also trigger self-assessed VAT on form PP.36.

Registration is mandatory once taxable turnover exceeds THB 1.8 million per year; file PP.01 within 30 days of crossing the threshold. Voluntary registration is available below it if you want input tax credits. Registered businesses must issue full tax invoices under Section 86/4, keep input and output VAT reports, and file PP.30 with payment by the 15th of the following month, extended by eight further days for online filing.

A company files the half-year return PND.51 within two months after the end of the first six months of its accounting period, and the annual return PND.50 with audited financial statements within 150 days after the year end. Financial statements must be submitted to the Department of Business Development through DBD e-Filing within one month of shareholder approval, and the annual general meeting must be held within four months of the year end.

Foreign employees working legally for a registered employer must be enrolled under Section 33 like Thai staff. The standard contribution is 5% from each side, computed on a wage base capped between THB 1,650 and THB 15,000 per month, so a maximum of THB 750 monthly. Benefits cover sickness, maternity, invalidity, death, child allowance, unemployment and old age; the old-age portion can be claimed on leaving employment and the country under Social Security Office conditions.

Four items typically arise at the Land Office: a 2% transfer fee on the appraised value; specific business tax of 3.3% if held under five years without one year of house-book registration, or 0.5% stamp duty when SBT does not apply; and withholding income tax computed on a sliding scale by years of ownership for individuals. Foreign sellers who plan to repatriate proceeds should keep the FET form or bank credit advice obtained at purchase.

Late filing carries a criminal fine of up to THB 2,000 per return plus a surcharge of 1.5% per month on tax due, running from the deadline until payment and capped at the tax amount. Where an assessment officer raises the tax, a penalty of one or two times the additional tax may apply, reducible under Revenue Department regulations. Voluntary amended filings before an audit usually attract a substantially reduced penalty.

At the Area Revenue Branch Office covering your residence, using form L.P.10.1 with the original passport plus copies of the visa and latest entry stamp, proof of address such as a lease, utility bill or TM.30 receipt, and a work permit if you hold one. The number is often issued the same day when the file is complete. Fix any spelling mismatch against the passport before filing, because it will affect later certificate applications.

PND.91 is for individuals whose only income is employment income (Section 40(1)). PND.90 covers everyone else — rental income, professional fees, dividends, interest, or foreign-source income remitted into Thailand. If in doubt, use PND.90 because it is broader. Filing the wrong form is not a serious offence but forces an additional filing and can delay a refund.

Paper returns are due by 31 March of the year following the tax year. E-filing through the Revenue Department system is normally extended by roughly eight additional days under an annual announcement, so check rd.go.th each year — the closing date is not fixed. Filing early also speeds up any refund.

Apply at the responsible Area Revenue Office or the Large Business Tax Administration Division with a copy of the filed PND return and its receipt, passport copies showing entry stamps for the whole tax year, and documents for the income you want treaty relief on. Processing depends on file completeness and office workload — count in weeks, not days. Allow time before the destination country's own deadline.

R.O.21 is a Tax Payment Certificate proving tax was actually paid in Thailand for a stated amount and year, used when the other country needs evidence to grant a foreign tax credit. R.O.22 is a Certificate of Residence proving your tax residence status for treaty purposes. Many claims require both documents together.

Usually yes, into the language the receiving authority specifies, and many countries accept only translations legalised by the Department of Consular Affairs, sometimes with a further stamp from the destination embassy. Confirm the requirement before ordering the translation so the whole set does not have to be redone. If you would rather not deal with it, we can assemble, translate, certify and legalise the file in one run.

The Revenue Code imposes a surcharge on the tax due plus a fine for failing to file on time, scaled to the amount outstanding and the length of the delay. Voluntarily filing a late return before an assessment officer contacts you is generally treated more leniently than waiting to be summoned, so file as soon as you notice.

File PND.90 or PND.91, tick the refund request on the form, and attach every 50 Tawi withholding certificate. The Revenue Department may ask for supporting documents before releasing the refund. Linking PromptPay to your taxpayer number or passport speeds up payment; foreigners without PromptPay receive the refund by cheque or another channel the department specifies.

It depends on two things: whether you were present 180 days or more in the tax year, and whether the pension was remitted into Thailand. If both apply, it enters the Thai computation under the applicable rules. However, several treaties assign the exclusive right to tax government-service pensions to the source country, so read the specific treaty and prepare a residence certificate to claim the relief.

No. If the work is physically performed in Thailand, the income is Thai-source under the first paragraph of Section 41 and is always taxable here, regardless of where the client is, which account is paid, or how many days you stayed. This is the single most common misunderstanding. Keep contracts, invoices and payment records organised.

No. Obtaining a TIN and filing a return are separate from work authorisation. The Revenue Department looks at income and presence; working without a permit is a separate liability under foreign-worker legislation. Filing tax does not retroactively legalise unauthorised work.

Present the cancelled old passport alongside the new one, plus a travel history certificate from the Immigration Bureau and any 90-day report receipts. The immigration record is the strongest evidence the Revenue Department accepts when the stamp chain is incomplete.

Yes. The Revenue Code lets spouses choose joint or separate filing per category of income, and the choice affects allowances and the tax base — compare both before deciding. You will additionally need the marriage certificate and both taxpayer numbers. A marriage registered abroad must be translated and legalised first.

Resident taxpayers claim the same allowances as Thai nationals subject to each item's conditions: personal allowance, a non-earning spouse, children, life and health insurance premiums with Thai insurers, qualifying savings funds, and mortgage interest on a Thai home. Products bought from foreign providers are generally not deductible.

If the payer is a Thai-registered entity or has a permanent establishment in Thailand, it must withhold, remit monthly via PND.1 and issue 50 Tawi certificates. If the payer is entirely offshore with no Thai establishment, no withholding obligation arises, so the recipient must file and pay the full amount personally — set the cash aside in advance.

On transfer day at the Land Office there is a transfer fee, either specific business tax or stamp duty, and withholding income tax calculated from the appraised value and years of ownership. An individual seller may elect whether to include the sale proceeds in the PND.90 computation, subject to conditions — run both calculations before choosing.

At least five years from the filing date, because assessment officers may issue a summons for a retrospective audit within the period allowed by the Revenue Code. Keep filed returns and receipts, 50 Tawi certificates, bank statements, foreign income source documents, and evidence for every allowance claimed.

Capital that is accumulated wealth rather than assessable income of the year of remittance is not itself a tax base, but the burden of proof sits with the taxpayer. Keep the capital account separate from the account receiving current income, and retain statements showing the balance immediately before you became a Thai tax resident. Mixed accounts are very hard to explain later.

Yes for most tasks — filing returns, obtaining copies, and lodging certificate applications — using a power of attorney with duty stamp plus certified copies of the ID or passport of both parties. Some offices ask for the principal's signature to be certified by a notarial services attorney when the principal is abroad.

We make the file consistent before it reaches the counter: checking identity and income evidence, certified Thai–English translation, signature certification by a notarial services attorney registered with the Lawyers Council of Thailand, drafting the power of attorney, and legalisation at the Department of Consular Affairs. We are not a government agency and cannot guarantee an official's decision, but a clean file is far less likely to be returned. Ask us for scope and fees by phone, LINE or email.

Anyone present in Thailand for 180 days or more within a calendar year is a tax resident under section 41 of the Revenue Code. The days need not be consecutive and the count follows the calendar year, not the visa year. Residency brings Thai source income fully into charge and brings foreign source income into charge when it is remitted to Thailand.

Under Revenue Department orders 161/2566 and 162/2566, foreign source income earned from 1 January 2024 onwards is assessable in the year a Thai tax resident remits it, whichever year that is. Income accumulated before 2024 falls outside those orders. Keep proof of your balances as at 31 December 2023 and, ideally, hold pre-2024 funds in a separate account so the two pools never mix.

A visa category is not a tax exemption. DTV holders who spend 180 days in Thailand are tax residents like anyone else. LTR holders in qualifying categories benefit from a flat seventeen percent rate on qualifying Thai employment income and certain foreign income reliefs granted by royal decree, but only while the LTR conditions are met. Review the position each year before filing.

Thailand has treaties with more than sixty countries. They allocate taxing rights by income type and allow a credit for foreign tax against Thai tax on the same income, capped at the Thai tax on that income. Claims need a certificate of tax residence from the other state and evidence of tax paid, and some reliefs must be claimed before payment rather than after.

At the Land Office the parties pay a transfer fee, withholding income tax computed from the appraised value and the holding period, and either stamp duty or specific business tax where the property has been held for less than five years. Individual sellers may in defined cases elect not to include the gain in the year end return. Model the numbers before agreeing a price because the withholding is usually higher than sellers expect.

It certifies Thai tax residence so a foreign tax authority will apply treaty rates instead of full domestic withholding. It is applied for at the Revenue Department with proof of presence, filed returns and income documents, and it is normally paired with an R.O.21 confirming tax actually paid in Thailand. Allow several weeks, so apply before the foreign deadline, not after it.

Typically the Revenue Department application form, a passport copy with entry and exit stamps showing 180 days or more in Thailand in that tax year, the filed income tax return with payment receipt, and evidence of the income you want to claim treaty relief on. A representative needs a power of attorney with duty stamps, and foreign documents need certified translation. We assemble the file and follow up with the office for you.

It evidences to a foreign tax authority that tax was paid in Thailand so you can claim a credit or refund there. Apply at the area revenue office that receives your return, attaching proof of remittance, withholding certificates from the payer and the underlying contracts. Allow extra time if the receiving country wants an English version or legalisation.

If you spend 180 days or more in Thailand in a tax year you are tax resident, and income from work performed in Thailand is Thai-source under Section 41, so a return is due even though the payer is abroad. Where tax was already withheld at source, check the relevant double tax agreement for a credit or exemption, and keep the employment contract, transfer records and entry/exit history.

Highly-skilled professionals working for targeted industries receive a flat personal income tax rate under the relevant royal decree, and some categories are exempt on foreign income subject to conditions. The benefit is tied to the qualifications you filed, so changing employer or role must be reported and can end eligibility. Review your status each year before filing.

Revenue Department instruction Por.162/2566 places assessable income arising before 1 January 2024 outside the new remittance guidance. The practical issue is proof: keep historical statements, asset sale evidence or bank certifications showing when the income arose, and build that evidence file in advance.

Thailand participates in the Common Reporting Standard, so financial account information about tax residents is exchanged between participating jurisdictions. Mismatches between what you file and what the authority receives can trigger enquiry letters. File accurately, identify income sources clearly, and retain supporting documents at least as long as the assessment period.

The seller faces withholding income tax calculated at the Land Office on the appraised value, transfer fees, and either stamp duty or specific business tax depending on the holding period. To remit funds you need proof of source such as the sale agreement, tax receipts and the bank's prescribed foreign exchange form. Supporting foreign documents need certified translation.

File an additional return at the area revenue office or through the online filing system. Late filing attracts a monthly surcharge on the tax due at the rate set by the Revenue Code, and criminal fines may apply. Voluntary correction before an audit usually reduces exposure. Have an accountant verify the figures before refiling.

Consider Section 70 together with the applicable treaty. Where the payment is a royalty or service fee falling under Sections 40(2) to 40(8), the Thai payer must withhold and remit using form PND.54, and self-assess VAT on form PP.36 where applicable. To apply a reduced treaty rate, keep the counterparty's certificate of tax residence on file.

It depends on days in Thailand and the source of income. With fewer than 180 days in the tax year and income from work performed abroad, that income is generally outside Thai tax. Thai-source income such as rent, dividends or interest still has to be reported. Keep entry/exit records and foreign tax certificates every year.

The Inheritance Tax Act 2015 taxes the recipient on the portion exceeding one hundred million baht per estate, at rates that differ for ascendants, descendants and other persons. Lifetime gifts are treated under Revenue Code income rules with specific exemption thresholds. For foreign assets, the recipient's residence status and nationality also matter.

Our advisers have worked on cross-border documentation for more than 15 years. We analyse tax residence, build the evidence file for each income source, obtain R.O.21 and R.O.22, translate and legalise documents, file returns and follow up with the area revenue office, and bring in a licensed accountant when the case needs a formal opinion. Contact us for a case assessment before any work starts.